Radio interface layer

ABSTRACT

A Radio Interface Layer (RIL) is disclosed. The RIL comprises an API set which provides a level of abstraction between the radio on a cell phone and the software of the cell phone. The API set of RIL is roughly based on the GSM AT interface as defined in GSM specifications 07.05 and 07.07. The API set provides access to functionality contained within a cellular telephone, such as a GSM or CDMA compatible telephone. These APIs allow applications running on an operating system in the cellular telephone to issue commands without knowledge of the underlying radio structure of the cellular telephone and specific knowledge of the GSM-type commands. For example, these APIs allow the applications to access to phonebook entries, restrict access to data and functionality using passwords, access file and message storage, and perform many other functions. The RIL is divided into a hardware-independent proxy layer, called by various software components, and a driver layer that is hardware-specific.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention generally relates to application programming interfaces (APIs) and, even more particularly, relates to a Radio Interface Layer comprising a set of APIs.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Cellular telephones are becoming commonplace in today's world. As users become more accustomed to using cellular telephones, they are requesting more sophisticated uses of telephones. Ideally, users would like their cellular telephones to perform the same functions as their personal computers or hand-held PDAs. Implementing such uses in a cellular telephone environment requires application developers to develop or adapt their software for use on a cellular telephone. However, adapting or developing software for use on one OEM's cellular telephone does not necessarily guarantee that the software application will function on another OEM's cellular telephone due to the different radio implementations of different OEMs and due to the differences in different cellular environments.

[0003] In order to create a software solution adaptable to multiple different cellular systems and radios, there is a need for some kind of a hardware adaptation layer, i.e. a layer that isolates the specifics of a particular cellular system/hardware from the bulk of the software system. There is a further need to expose a predefined interface used by the software components. There is still a further need that the layer should allow hardware manufacturers to replace/modify the implementation of the hardware interface to conform to their specific hardware.

[0004] Such a layer (TAPI) already exists for use in development of general telephony systems. However, TAPI has two disadvantages making it difficult to use in a cellular environment: a significant amount of cellular-specific functionality isn't exposed by the TAPI interface and TAPI Service Providers (TSPs) are quite difficult to implement, thus making it harder to adapt the software system to different types of hardware. Hence, there is a need for a new hardware adaptation layer which is more specifically suited to the cellular environment and which simplifies the task of adapting it to different types of hardware.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention meets the above-described needs by providing a Radio Interface Layer (RIL), which is an API set providing a level of abstraction between the radio on a cell phone and the software of the cell phone. The API set of RIL is roughly based on the GSM AT interface as defined in GSM specifications 07.05 and 07.07. The API set provides access to functionality contained within a cellular telephone, such as a GSM or CDMA compatible telephone. The present invention allows applications running on an operating system in the cellular telephone to issue commands without knowledge of the underlying radio structure of the cellular telephone and without specific knowledge of the GSM-type commands. For example, the present invention allows the applications to access phonebook entries, restrict access to data and functionality using passwords, access file and message storage, and perform many other functions. The RIL is divided into a hardware-independent proxy layer, called by various software components, and a driver layer that is hardware-specific. It should be understood that an OEM may replace the driver layer with their own layer containing implementation specific to their hardware.

[0006] That the invention improves over the drawbacks of the prior art and accomplishes the advantages described above will become apparent from the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments and the appended drawings and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0007]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary personal computer system.

[0008]FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of an RIL in a phone in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0009]FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for processing of commands using the radio interface layer (RIL) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0010]FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a method for an application to establish a voice call using RIL in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0011] An embodiment of the present invention will be incorporated into a cellular telephone marketed by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash. The cellular telephone may be a “smart phone” that, in addition to providing telephony services, also runs different software applications and performs different functions normally reserved for personal computers or PDAs. For example, in one embodiment, the telephone may be used as a personal information manager (PIM) for storing appointments, contacts, tasks, etc.

[0012] Other embodiments of the present invention may be incorporated into PDAs, personal computers and hand-held computers. FIG. 1 and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of an exemplary personal computer system for use with the above-described embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that software products may include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including hand-held devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, software products may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

[0013] With reference to FIG. 1, an exemplary system for implementing the invention includes a conventional personal computer 20, including a processing unit 21, a system memory 22, and a system bus 23 that couples the system memory to the processing unit 21. The system memory 22 includes read only memory (ROM) 24 and random access memory (RAM) 25. A basic input/output system 26 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the personal computer 20, such as during start-up, is stored in ROM 24. A video BIOS 60 may also be stored in ROM 24. The personal computer 20 further includes a hard disk drive 27, a magnetic disk drive 28, e.g., to read from or write to a removable disk 29, and an optical disk drive 30, e.g., for reading a CD-ROM disk 31 or to read from or write to other optical media. The hard disk drive 27, magnetic disk drive 28, and optical disk drive 30 are connected to the system bus 23 by a hard disk drive interface 32, a magnetic disk drive interface 33, and an optical drive interface 34, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage for the personal computer 20. Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk and a CD-ROM disk, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of media which are readable by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, and the like, may also be used in the exemplary operating environment.

[0014] A number of software products may be stored in the drives and RAM 25, including an operating system 35, a software product 36, such as Microsoft's “OFFICE XP” suite of application program modules, other software products 37, and program data 38. A user may enter commands and information into the personal computer 20 through a keyboard 40 and pointing device, such as a mouse 42. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 21 through a serial port interface 46 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 47 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 23 via an interface, such as a video adapter 48. In addition to the monitor, personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers or printers.

[0015] The personal computer 20 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 49. The remote computer 49 may be a server, a router, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the personal computer 20, although only a memory storage device 50 has been illustrated in FIG. 1. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 1 include a local area network (LAN) 51 and a wide area network (WAN) 52. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, Intranets and the Internet.

[0016] When used in a LAN networking environment, the personal computer 20 is connected to the LAN 51 through a network interface 53. When used in a WAN networking environment, the personal computer 20 typically includes a modem 54 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 52, such as the Internet. The modem 54, which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 23 via the serial port interface 46. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the personal computer 20, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.

Radio Interface Layer

[0017] In one embodiment, the present invention, known as the Radio Interface Layer (RIL) comprises an API set which provides a level of abstraction between the radio on a cell phone and the software of the cell phone. The API set of RIL is based on the GSM AT interface as defined in GSM specifications 07.05 and 07.07. The API set provides access to functionality contained within a cellular telephone, such as a GSM or CDMA compatible telephone. The present invention allows applications running on an operating system in the cellular telephone to issue commands without knowledge of the underlying radio structure of the cellular telephone and specific knowledge of the GSM-type commands. For example, the present invention allows the applications to access phonebook entries, restrict access to data and functionality using passwords, access file and message storage, and perform many other functions.

[0018] The RIL is divided into a hardware-independent proxy layer, called by various software components, and a driver layer that is hardware-specific. It should be understood that an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) may replace the driver layer with their own layer containing implementation specific to their hardware. In a preferred embodiment, the RIL is a core component of a cellular telephone marketed by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash.

RIL Driver Layer

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the Radio Interface Layer (RIL) driver layer is used to implement and roughly correspond to the commands, such as AT commands, specified by ETS 300 585, Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2); Use of Data Terminal Equipment-Data Circuit terminating Equipment (DTE-DCE) interface for Short Messaging Service (SMS) and Cell Broadcast Service (CBS) (GSM 07.05), Fifth Edition, April 1997, and ETS 300 642, Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2); AT command set for GSM Mobile Equipment (ME) (GSM 07.07 version 4.4.1), Fourth Edition, March 1999. The GSM specifications 07.05 and 07.07 are hereby incorporated by reference. Of course, the RIL driver may be used to implement and correspond to other command sets, such as CDMA commands, or a combination of several command sets.

[0020] OEMs may use the RIL driver of the preferred embodiment or tweak it if they would rather talk with their radio over private APIs instead of via AT commands (most likely for performance reasons).

[0021] Generally described, the RIL driver layer receives an RIL API call and causes the radio (i.e. the receiver/transmitter of the cellphone, PDA, etc.) to perform the function defined by the RIL API. In a preferred embodiment, the RIL driver will receive the RIL API call from a RIL proxy layer (described below). The RIL driver layer also processes notifications received from the radio and transmits them to the RIL proxy layer. In a preferred embodiment, the RIL driver layer is a dynamic link library (DLL) that is running as a device driver inside the process space of a device manager (the standard module that manages device drivers on the “WINDOWS CE” operating system). A Device Manager (device.exe) may be responsible for managing all the system drivers, including the RIL driver.

RIL Proxy Layer

[0022] In one embodiment, the RIL proxy layer comprises a layer that is called by various other layers of the core architecture, such as a TSP layer, an ExTAPI layer, and a SIM Manager using the platform specific commands of these core architectures. In a preferred embodiment, the proxy layer is a “WINDOWS CE” dynamic link library (DLL) that manages callback notifications and inter-process function calls into the RIL driver layer. Modules that want to use the RIL simply link with this proxy DLL. The RIL proxy layer converts the core architecture specific commands into RIL API calls that will be understood by the RIL driver layer.

[0023] There are some important distinctions between the proxy and driver layers. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a separate proxy instance is created for each module using the RIL proxy DLL. On the other hand, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the RIL device driver is loaded only once and is shared amongst all proxy layer instances. In other words, a module using the RIL must be aware that only one radio module exists, even though it links to its own proxy DLL. In addition, the Device Manager's control of the RIL driver implies that the proxy and driver live in separate processes (i.e. different address spaces). However, the “WINDOWS CE” operating system exposes mechanisms allowing the proxy and driver layers to communicate without being concerned with the process boundaries.

[0024] Another important architectural property of the RIL is that almost all of the functions are asynchronous. When a module first registers with the RIL, it passes in two callback functions. One is used for unsolicited notifications, and the other is used for responses to function calls. For instance, when the phone receives a new incoming call, RIL will use the unsolicited notification callback to let each module know about the incoming call. Alternately, when a module calls RIL to obtain the signal strength, the function call immediately returns a response identifier. Shortly thereafter, RIL uses the function response callback to convey signal strength information to the module. To ensure that function response callbacks are correctly matched up with function calls, this callback structure also contains the same response identifier value returned by the original function call. This asynchronous architecture simplifies RIL implementation. If a module needs to call RIL functions in a synchronous manner, it will need to make the function call and block until it receives the function response callback.

[0025] Another architectural feature of the RIL is a virtual serial port (VSP). When an application makes a data connection, it retrieves a handle to a virtual serial port (not the real data stream between the RIL and the radio). This allows RIL to buffer and flow control the data stream so that control commands can be interjected. For example, suppose an application has set up a data connection and is browsing on the Internet. The virtual serial port allows RIL to interject control commands to check for things like signal strength, new SMS messages, etc. However, further suppose an application is receiving a facsimile. Due to strict timing issues in the case of a facsimile transmission, the RIL will enter a dedicated data mode where the application has full control of the virtual serial port. That is, RIL will not attempt to interject any commands in the data stream. It should be understood that the VSP is similar to other communication ports and typically only one application can have the handle to the VSP at one time.

[0026] Referring now to FIG. 2, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of an RIL in a cellphone 200 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention will be described. The cellphone 200 comprises a SIM manager 205, an emergency application 210, a TAPI Service Provider (TSP) 215, a WAP layer 220, a SMS manager 225, a data stack 230 and a VSP 250.

[0027] The cellphone 200 further comprises a plurality of instances of the RIL proxy layer 235. The RIL proxy layer 235 provides communications between applications (such as the SIM manager 205, emergency application 210, TSP 215, WAP layer 220, SMS manager 225, and ExTAPI, among others) and a RIL driver layer 240. The RIL driver layer 240 provides communications between the RIL proxy layer and the radio hardware 245.

Scenarios

[0028] In terms of “using” the RIL (from the point of view of both an application designer and an OEM), the proxy and driver layers each expose a set of functions. For a program module to use the RIL, it only needs to use functions specified in the proxy header file and then link with the proxy DLL. The proxy DLL is implemented by calling functions specified in the driver header file. The driver header file is provided to OEMs and defines the functions that an OEM must implement. In one embodiment, the implementation will be hardware specific, so each OEM will be responsible for its own driver implementation. However, one or more reference implementations of the driver (source code included) may be provided to OEMs to help them with this step. If an OEM uses radio hardware that is supported by one of these reference implementations, it may not need to revise the RIL code.

Method for Processing Commands Using RIL

[0029]FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 300 for processing of commands using the radio interface layer (RIL) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The method 300 begins at step 305 when a user calls a RIL API in the proxy layer.

[0030] At decision step 310, it is determined whether the callee, i.e. the called process, is in the device.exe process space. If it is, then the method proceeds to step 315 where the driver APIs are called directly. If it is determined at decision step 310 that the callee is not in the device.exe process space then the method proceeds to step 320.

[0031] At step 320, input/output control (IOCTL) codes are used to send the appropriate information for the RIL API to the RIL driver running in a separate process space. At step 325, the RIL driver informs the radio to take the action specified by the command of the RIL API. In a preferred embodiment, the RIL driver informs the radio to take action using an AT command interface, as defined in GSM specs (most prominently 07.05 and 07.07). However, sending AT commands may not be ideal for a given radio—perhaps an OEM has a separate private API set that they can use to perform the same functionality as a given AT command. If this is the case, the OEM may change the RIL driver to suit their needs. However, in a preferred embodiment, because the core architecture of the phone has been built on top of a set of RIL APIs that may be implemented via AT commands, it is not necessary for the OEM to substantially modify the RIL driver so long as the radio understands AT commands. However, due to different implementations of the AT interface, some minor modifications may be necessary.

[0032] The method then proceeds to step 330 where the RIL API returns with a unique ID generated by the RIL. It should be understood that after sending an AT command, a response from the radio unit is awaited. RIL APIs are designed to be asynchronous, so these APIs will return immediately, with a unique ID assigned to the call.

[0033] The method then proceeds to step 335 where a separate thread waits for responses from the radio unit.

[0034] The method then proceeds to step 340 where the RIL driver matches the response from the radio unit with the unique ID generated earlier and the RIL driver sends the response to the appropriate calling process via a callback function.

[0035] It should also be understood that radio units can also send unsolicited notifications (for example, when the phone switches cellular towers). In this case, the RIL driver receives a notification from the radio and will broadcast a message to all users of the RIL layer who are interested in this class of notification.

[0036] For an example illustrating an implementation of method 300, consider the following: the API RIL_ChangeLockingPassword is a RIL API that allows changing the password of a phone for various lock facilities. This API is modeled after the +CPWD AT command, defined in section 7.5 of GSM 07.07. The AT command to change a password requires a lock facility, the old password, and the new password. Accordingly, the API for RIL_ChangeLockingPassword appears as:

[0037] HRESULT RIL_ChangeLockingPassword(

[0038] HRIL hRil,

[0039] DWORD dwFacility,

[0040] LPCSTR lpszOldPassword,

[0041] LPCSTR lpszNewPassword

[0042] );

[0043] When the user application wants to change the locking password, it calls this API, typically indirectly via a TAPI layer or another layer. For example, the application may understand the TAPI command for changing a password and send this command to the TAPI layer. The TAPI layer will then make the appropriate RIL API call to the proxy layer. As part of the RIL API, a RIL handle must be provided (which is obtained from initializing RIL), a locking facility must be provided, the old password must be provided and the new password must be provided. For example, suppose a user application wishes to change the password used to lock the SIM card from “1234” to “5678”. The user application (or an intermediate layer such as the TAPI layer) would make the following API call:

[0044] RIL_ChangeLockingPassword(hRIL, RIL_LOCKFACILITY_SIM, “1234”, “5678”);

[0045] If the calling process is not in the device.exe, these parameters will get bundled into a structure and passed via an IOCTL call, RIL_IOCTL_CHANGELOCKINGPASSWORD: typedef struct changelockingpassword_params_tag { DWORD dwfacility; char szOldPassword[MAXLENGTH_PASSWORD]; char szNewPassword[MAXLENGTH_PASSWORD]; }

[0046] CHANGELOCKINGPASSWORD_PARAMS, *LPCHANGELOCKINGPA SSOWRD_PARAMS;

[0047] The RIL driver will then take these constants and generate an AT command string as specified in GSM 07.07:

[0048] AT+CPWD=SC,1234,5678

[0049] Note that if an OEM were to change the RIL driver to call a private API to their radio instead of using an AT command, they would make their change at this point.

[0050] After sending this AT command (or private API) to the radio, the RIL driver returns, and RIL_ChangeLockingPassword returns. The radio has not yet processed the command at this point, so a unique ID is givenback to the user as the return value of this RIL API.

[0051] After processing the command, the radio module will return a success or error code (in this case, there will be a success code or a possibly descriptive error code such as “wrong password”). The radio gives this response to the RIL driver, which has a separate thread waiting for responses from the radio module. This response is then matched with the unique ID from the API call and sent via a callback function to the calling process. The calling process can then note whether the locking password was successfully changed or not and act accordingly.

[0052] Referring now to FIG. 4, an example illustrating a method for an application to establish a voice call using RIL in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention will be described. It should be understood that establishing a voice call is only one of many functions that may be performed using the RIL APIs. The method outlined in FIG. 4 is illustrative of one of these functions (establishing a voice call). The method is implemented in telephone 400 that includes an application layer 405, an ExTAPI layer 410, a TAPI layer 415, other core modules 420, a TSP 425, a radio interface layer (RIL) 430 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, and OEM hardware 435. It should be understood that the method does not describe the IOCTLs which will be understood by those skilled in the art to be present in a preferred embodiment. It should be further understood that the present invention may be implemented without the use of IOCTLs.

[0053] The method begins when application 405 calls the TAPI function: lineMakeCall (step 452). The TAPI layer 415 calls the TSP 425 with the following function call: TSPI_lineMakeCall (step 454). The TSP 425 calls the RIL with the following RIL function: RIL_Dial (step 456). The RIL initiates the phone call by sending the corresponding command to the OEM hardware (e.g. radio): e.g. ATDT 555-1234 (step 458). The TSP returns asynchronously a reply message to the TAPI layer indicating that the call has been initiated: LINE_REPLY message (step 460).

[0054] The TAPI layer forwards the reply message (LINE_REPLY) to the application (step 462). When the OEM hardware detects that a connection to the number has been made, then it sends a CONNECT response to the RIL (step 464). The RIL sends a message (RIL_NOTIFY_CONNECT) to the TSP indicating that a connection has been made (step 466). The TSP sends a state change message (LINE_CALLSTATE) to the TAPI layer (step 468). The TAPI layer forwards the state change message (LINE_CALLSTATE) to the application 405 (step 470).

[0055] When the application 405 wishes to drop the telephone call, it calls the TAPI layer with a hang-up request: (lineDrop) (step 472). The TAPI layer forwards the TSP the hang-up request: (TSPI_lineDrop) (step 474). The TSP handler passes the hang-up request to the RIL: (RIL_Hangup) (step 476). The RIL passes the hang-up request to the OEM hardware (e.g. ATH) (step 478).

Features

[0056] The following table describes some of the features that may be implemented using an embodiment of the present invention and a brief description of these features. Name Description Network Services Operator selection, signal status, available operators, etc. Call Control Dial, Hangup, Hold, Transfer, etc. Supplemental Services Call waiting, call forwarding, call meter, etc. SMS Send, receive, SMSC selection, etc. Data Connection Virtual serial port, bearer service types, transparent data/online mode change Security Functions Locking, unlocking, passwords, etc. Interface Functions Initialization, notification registration, etc. Phonebook Functions Accessing the SIM phonebooks SIM SMS Functions Accessing SMS messages from the SIM GPRS Functions Selecting profiles, attaching, activating, etc. HSCSD Functions Managing channel allocations SIM Record Access Access individual files on the SIM SIM Toolkit 2.0 Support Engaging in a SIM toolkit session

Structure Listing

[0057] This section describes the “data structures” passed as parameters to some RIL APIs and returned with some RIL notifications in an embodiment of the present invention. Structure Comments Network Service Structures RILSUBSCRIBERINFO Defines an assigned phone number and parameter associated with it RILOPERATORNAMES Defines the long, short, and numeric format of a single operator RILOPERATORINFO Defines a network operator Call Control Structures RILCALLINFO Defines each call instance (active, on hold, in conference, etc.) RILRINGINFO Indicates the type of incoming call Supplemental Service Structures RILCALLFORWARDSETTINGS Defines call forwarding RILCALLWAITINGINFO Information about an incoming call RILCALLERIDSETTINGS Defines caller ID RILHIDEIDSETTINGS Defines how to hide your phone number when calling someone else RILDIALEDIDSETTINGS Defines the true number that was dialed RILCLOSEDGROUPSETTINGS Defines closed user group settings RILREMOTEPARTYINFO Structure used for CallerID and DialedID notifications Voice Structures RILGAININFO Defines audio gain for the transmit and receive channels RILAUDIODEVICEINFO Defines transmit and receive audio devices Messaging Structures RILMSGSERVICEINFO Messaging settings such as storage locations and usage info RILMSGDCS Data coding scheme RILMSGCONFIG Messaging configuration RILMESSAGE An actual message RILMESSAGEINFO Contains an RILMESSAGE along with additional info RILMSGSTORAGEINFO Information about a message storage location Data Service Structures RILCALLHSCSDINFO Defines HSCSD parameters for the current call RILHSCSDINFO Defines HSCSD parameters RILDATACOMPINFO Defines parameters for data compression RILERRORCORRECTIONINFO Defines parameters for error correction RILBEARERSVCINFO Defines the current data communication settings RILRLPINFO Defines Radio Link Protocol (RLP) parameters for non- transparent data calls RILCONNECTINFO Defines connect information on a data call RILSERIALPORTSTATS Defines statistics of the virtual serial port RILSERVICEINFO Defines parameters of the data connection RILSUPSERVICEDATA Defines elements of a USSD message Capability Structures RILCAPSBEARERSVC Bearer service capabilities RILCAPSDIALSVC Dial capabilities RILCAPSHSCSD HSCSD capabilities RILCAPSLOCKINGPWD Locking password LENGTH length capabilities RILCAPSMSGMEMORY Message storage LOCATIONS location capabilities RILCAPSRLP RLP capabilities SIM Toolkit Structures RILSIMCMDPARAMETERS Elements of a SIM command RILSIMRESPONSE Elements of a SIM command response Miscellaneous Structures RILEQUIPMENTINFO Defines miscellaneous (generally static) properties of radio module RILPHONEBOOKINFO Defines the state of the phonebook RILPHONEBOOKENTRY Defines an entry in the phonebook RILCOSTINFO Defines cost information for the current operator's rate RILSIGNALQUALITY Defines the current signal quality RILADDRESS A phone number RILSUBADDRESS More detailed information about a phone number RILCELLTOWERINFO Information about the currently registered cell tower RILRANGE Defines a min/max range

Notification Listing

[0058] This section lists some of the unsolicited RIL notifications that get passed to the notification callback. Note that these notifications differ from the ones passed to the response callback as responses to earlier issued function calls. These notifications have been categorized for convenience. These notifications are in one embodiment of the invention and are not meant to limit the invention. dwCode is the numeric ID identifying the notification and lpData is the additional data returned with the notification. DwCode IpData Comments RIL_NOTIFY_REGSTATUS ( RIL_REGSTAT_ * ) Sent with change CHANGED Constant in registration status RIL_NOTIFY_CALLMETER dwNewCallMeter Call meter has changed RIL_NOTIFY_CALLMETER <NULL> Maximum call MAXREACHED meter has been reached Call Control Notifications RIL_NOTIFY_RING RILRINGINFO Structure Incoming call RIL_NOTIFY_CONNECT RILCONNECTINFO Call connected Structure RIL_NOTIFY_DISCONNECT RIL_DISCINIT_* Constant Call disconnected RIL_NOTIFY_DATASVC RILSERVICEINFO Data call NEGOTIATED Structure service has been negotiated RIL_NOTIFY_CALLSTATE <NULL> Call state of CHANGED one or more calls may have changed RIL_NOTIFY_EMERGENCY <NULL> RIL has entered MODEENTERED emergency mode RIL_NOTIFY_EMERGENCY <NULL> RIL has exited MODEEXITED emergency mode RIL_NOTIFY_EMERGENCY <NULL> Existing calls HANGUP (if any) were hung up for emergency mode RIL_NOTIFY_HSCSDPARAMS RILCALLHSCSDINFO HSCSD parameters NEGOTIATED Structure for a call have been negotiated Supplemental Service Notifications RIL_NOTIFY_CALLERID ( RILREMOTEPARTYINFO * ) The remote address of the incoming call RIL_NOTIFY_DIALEDID ( RILREMOTEPARTYINFO * ) The destination address of the outgoing call RIL_NOTIFY_CALLWAITING ( RILCALLWAITINGINFO * ) Call waiting notification RIL_NOTIFY_SUPSERVICE ( RILSUPSERVICEDATA* ) Incoming USSD DATA message Messaging Notifications RIL_NOTIFY_MESSAGE ( RILMESSAGE * ) Indicates a new message RIL_NOTIFY_BCMESSAGE ( RILMESSAGE * ) Indicates a new broadcast message RIL_NOTIFY_STATUS ( RILMESSAGE * ) Indicates a MESSAGE new status message RIL_NOTIFY_MSGSTORED ( dwIndex ) Indicates a message has been stored RIL_NOTIFY_MSGDELETED ( dwIndex ) Indicates a message has been deleted RIL_NOTIFY_MSGSTORAGE RILMSGSTORAGEINFO One of the CHANGED Structure message storage locations has been changed Phonebook Notifications RIL_NOTIFY_PHONEBOOK dwIndex Phonebook entry ENTRYSTORED has been added RIL_NOTIFY_PHONEBOOK dwIndex Phonebook entry ENTRYDELETED has been deleted RIL_NOTIFY_PHONEBOOK (RIL_PBLOC *) Phonebook storage STORAGECHANGED Constant location has been changed SIM Toolkit Notifications RIL_NOTIFY_SIMTOOLKIT dwByteCount Proactive SIM CMD command received RIL_NOTIFY_SIMTOOLKIT dwRedialTimeout Proactive SIM CALLSETUP command to setup a call RIL_NOTIFY_SIMTOOLKIT dwByteCount Toolkit command EVENT was handled by the radio or radio sent a toolkit response to the SIM Miscellaneous Notifications RIL_NOTIFY_SMSNOT <NULL> Sim has been ACCESSIBLE removed or has failed to respond RIL_NOTIFY_DTMFSIGNAL ( char* ) A DTMF signal has been detected

Function Listing

[0059] This section lists some of the RIL functions broken down by group. Each entry denotes the function name, and a brief description. Where applicable, the corresponding GSM AT command is included. Function GSM Comments Network Service Functions RIL_GetSubscriberNumbers +CNUM Gets list of assigned phone numbers RIL_GetOperatorList +COPS Gets a list of available operators RIL_GetPreferredOperatorList +CPOL Gets a list of preferred operators RIL_AddPreferredOperator +CPOL Adds to the list of preferred operators RIL_RemovePreferredOperator +CPOL Removes from the list of preferred operators RIL_GetCurrentOperator +COPS Gets the operator currently registered RIL_RegisterOnNetwork +COPS Register with a particular operator RIL_UnregisterFromNetwork +COPS Unregister current operator RIL_GetRegistrationStatus +CREG Gets registration status Call Control Functions RIL_Dial D +FCLASS Dials a number RIL_Answer A Answers an incoming call RIL_Hangup H Sets operator information RIL_SendDTMF +VTS Sends DTMF tones (e.g. during a call) RIL_GetDTMFDuration +VTD Gets tone duration options RIL_SetDTMFDuration +VTD Sets tone duration options RIL_SetDTMFMonitoring Turns on/off DTMF monitoring RIL_GetCallList +CLCC Retrieves list of active calls and their status RIL_ManageCalls +CHLD Changes call status (hold, conference, etc) RIL_TransferCall +CTFR Explicitly transfers a call RIL_GetLineStatus +CPAS Gets line status Supplemental Service Functions RIL_SetCallerIDSettings +CLIP CallerID settings RIL_GetHideIDSettings +CLIR Hides own number from recipient RIL_SetHideIDStatus +CLIR Hides own number from recipient RIL_GetDialedIDSettings +COLP Dialed number on an outgoing call RIL_SetDialedIDSettings +COLP Dialed number on an outgoing call RIL_GetClosedGroupSettings +CCUG Closed user group settings RIL_SetClosedGroupSettings +CCUG Closed user group settings RIL_GetCallForwardSettings +CCFC Call forward settings RIL_AddCallForwarding +CCFC Add a number to the call forwarding list RIL_RemoveCallForwarding +CCFC Remove a number from the call forwarding list RIL_SetCallForwardStatus +CCFC Enable/disable call forwarding RIL_GetCallWaitingSettings +CCWA Call waiting settings RIL_SetCallWaitingStatus +CCWA Call waiting settings Voice Functions RIL_GetAudioGain +VGR Gets receive +VGT gain of the audio device RIL_SetAudioGain +VGR Sets receive +VGT gain of the audio device RIL_GetAudioDevices +VGS List connected audio devices (mic, speaker, etc) RIL_SetAudioDevices +VGS Sets connected audio devices (mic, speaker, etc) RIL_GetAudioMuting +CMUT Gets muting state RIL_SetAudioMuting +CMUT Sets muting state Messaging Functions RIL_GetMsgServiceOptions +CSMS +CPMS Gets messaging +CMGF +CESP service options RIL_SetMsgServiceOptions +CSMS +CPMS Sets messaging +CMGF +CESP service options RIL_GetMsgConfig +CSCA +CSMP Gets message +CSDH +CSCB configuration options RIL_SetMsgConfig +CSCA +CSMP Sets message +CSDH +CSCB configuration options RIL_RestoreMsgConifg +CRES Restores messaging settings RIL_SaveMsgConfig +CSAS Saves messaging settings RIL_GetMsgList +CMGL Lists all messages RIL_ReadMsg +CMGR +CMGD Read (optionally delete) a message RIL_DeleteMsg +CMGD Delete a message RIL_WriteMsg +CMGW +CMGS Writes (optionally +CMMS send) a message RIL_SendMsg +CMGS +CMSS Send a message +CMMS RIL_SendStoredMsg +CMGS +CMSS Send a message +CMMS from a storage location RIL_SendMsgAcknowledgement +CMGS +CMSS Send a message +CMMS ACK when requested by an incoming message Data Service Functions RIL_GetSerialPortHandle Gets a virtual serial port handle RIL_GetSerialPortStatistics Gets statistics on the virtual serial port handle RIL_GetHSCSDOptions +CHSD +CHDT Get settings +CHSN +CHSC for circuit +CHSR switched data calls RIL_SetHSCSDOptions +CHSD +CHDT Set settings +CHSN +CHSC for circuit +CHSR switched data calls RIL_GetDataCompression +DS Gets data compression options RIL_SetDataCompression +DS Sets data compression options RIL_GetErrorCorrection +EX Gets error correction options RIL_SetErrorCorrection +EX Sets error correction options RIL_GetBearerServiceOptions RIL_SetBearerServiceOptions RIL_GetRLPOptions Gets radio link protocol options RIL_SetRLPOptions Sets radio link protocol options RIL_CancelSupServiceDataSession +CUSD Cancel a USSD session RIL_SendSupServiceData +CUSD Send a USSD message Security Functions RIL_GetUserIdentity +CIMI Retrieve the customer's mobile identity RIL_UnlockPhone +CPIN Sends a pending password RIL_ChangeCallBarringPassword +CPIN Changes the +CPWD call barring password RIL_ChangeLockingPassword +CPIN Changes the +CPWD locking password RIL_GetPhoneLockedState +CPIN Gets phone lock status RIL_GetCallBarringStatus +CLCK Gets call barring status RIL_SetCallBarringStatus +CLCK Sets call barring status RIL_GetLockingStatus +CLCK Gets locking status RIL_SetLockingStatus +CLCK Sets locking status Interface Functions RIL_Initialize Registers RIL proxy with RIL driver RIL_Deinitialize Unregisters RIL proxy from RIL driver RIL_InitializeEmergency Registers an emergency application RIL_DeinitializeEmergency Unregisters an emergency application RIL_EnableNotifications Sets which notification classes to receive RIL_DisableNotifications Disables notification classes from being sent Phonebook Functions RIL_GetPhonebookOptions +CPBS Gets the phonebook options RIL_SetPhonebookOptions +CPBS Sets the phonebook location RIL_DeletePhonebookEntry +CPBW Deletes a phonebook entry RIL_ReadPhonebookEntries +CPBR Get phonebook entry RIL_WritePhonebookEntry +CPBW Writes a phonebook entry SIM Toolkit Functions RIL_FetchSimToolkitCmd +CSIM Retrieves a proactive toolkit command RIL_GetSimToolkitProfile Retrieves a current profile for a profile download RIL_SetSimToolkitProfile Sets current profile for a profile download RIL_SendSimToolkitCmd +CSIM Sends a response Response to a proactive toolkit command RIL_SendSimToolkitEnvelope +CSIM Sends an envelope Cmd command to the SIM RIL_TerminateSimToolkit +CSIM Terminates a Session toolkit session Miscellaneous Functions RIL_GetEquipmentInfo +CGMI GMI +CGMM Retrieves GMM +CGMR GMR information +CGSN GSN about the phone equipment RIL_GetEquipmentState +CFUN Manages phone state (power management) RIL_SetEquipmentState +CFUN Manages phone state (power management) RIL_SendSimCmd +CSIM Sends unrestricted commands directly to a SIM RIL_SendRestrictedSimCmd +CRSM Sends a restricted set of commands directly to a SIM RIL_ResetTerminal Z & F Resets all terminal parameters to defaults RIL_GetCostInfo +CAOC +CPUC Retrieves advice of charge information RIL_SetCostInfo +CAOC +CPUC Sets advice of charge information RIL_GetSignalQuality +CSQ Gets signal quality RIL_GetDevCaps Retrieves the capabilities of the radio device RIL_DevSpecific Developer specific command RIL_GetCellTowerInfo +CREG Gets info about the currently used cell tower

[0060] It should be understood from the foregoing description that the RIL proxy layer is hardware-independent. In contrast, it should be understood that in different embodiments, the RIL driver layer is hardware-specific. However, in one embodiment, a sample GSM implementation of the RIL driver is provided to function with generic GSM hardware (although, in practice, some modifications will probably be needed for almost any GSM system currently in existence because the GSM specifications may be interpreted and implemented slightly differently by different OEMs).

[0061] It should be also understood from the foregoing description, that the present invention allows software applications to function on RIL-compatible phones independently of the hardware or the cellular network being used. For example, changing from a GSM to a CDMA network would only require replacing the RIL driver layer and the rest of the phone would work as it did in the GSM network.

[0062] It should be understood from the foregoing description that the purpose of the RIL is to provide access to cellular functionality for any component in the phone, PDA, etc. Without the RIL, each component (TAPI, SIM manager, SMS manager, etc.) of the phone would have to understand how to communicate to the radio directly. Because it would be difficult for hardware manufacturers to implement a TAPI driver, a SMS driver, a SIM driver, etc., the RIL was created to sit between the radio and the TAPI driver, the SMS driver, the SIM driver, etc.

[0063] It should be also be understood from the foregoing description, that because the RIL proxy is hardware-independent, RIL provides a platform for third party software developers. With the well-designed APIs and interfaces of the RIL of the present invention, a third party software developer may write his code once and have it work on all devices containing an implementation of RIL, such as telephones, PDAs, etc. Moreover, the software developer may use the well-defined telephony commands such as TAPI without worrying about whether the underlying device is using cellular technology, voice over IP, etc.

[0064] It should be understood that one of the objectives of RIL is to ease the integration process of software components with an OEM's hardware components. To realize this, a single layer handles all communication between the core modules and an OEM's radio hardware. The single RIL allows software components to be designed without having to worry about differences in underlying hardware. It also allows OEMs to integrate the software components with their radio hardware by implementing a single set of functions.

[0065] It should be understood that the foregoing description includes many implementation details that should not limit the scope of the present invention. For example, instead of using a proxy layer and a driver layer, the present invention may be implemented as a single abstraction layer between a telephony radio and a computer. The applications on the computer may communicate with the abstraction layer using top-level APIs. On the other hand, the telephony radio would respond to commands received from the abstraction layer. Because the difficulties of implementing specific modules to understand different protocols such as TAPI, ExTAPI, SMS, etc. is accomplished by the RIL itself, the present invention eases the implementation difficulties radio manufacturers often have. Moreover, radio manufacturers no longer have to worry about receiving and keeping track of calls from multiple client applications because all of these functions are handled by the RIL. Software application developers do not need to worry about the underlying hardware of a mobile device. Software applications may be easily written to work with RIL because the applications use well-known top-level APIs which are sent to the RIL. The RIL will then perform appropriate processing of these top-level APIs and, if necessary, send the appropriate command to the radio to perform a specific action.

Other Supported Configurations

[0066] It should also be understood from the foregoing description, that the present invention may be used with cellular telephones as well as other devices, such as hand-held PDA devices. Some of these other devices may not have a permanent radio module(s). Certain changes known to those skilled in the art may be necessary to implement the invention in a device without a permanent radio module(s). Specifically, the invention must support Removable Compact Flash (CF)/PCMCIA radio modules that support circuit-switched cellular network connections.

[0067] Listed below are some possible device configurations:

Configuration 1: Cellular telephone

[0068] The device has a built in radio-module. It does not have any expansion slots that support CF or PCMCIA cards. Therefore the built-in radio module is guaranteed to be always present and no alternative form of cellular communications is permitted.

Configuration 2: PDA with PCMCIA/CF support

[0069] The device does not have a built in radio-module. However, it does contain a CF and/or PCMCIA expansion slot(s). In a preferred embodiment, the invention requires that a supported Radio module be inserted into the CF or PCMCIA slot.

Configuration 3: PDA with built in Radio and PCMCIA/CF support

[0070] The device has a built in radio module. It can be assumed that this radio module will always be present. Potentially, one can insert other devices (including radio modules) into any available expansion slot (PCMCIA, USB, Bluetooth, etc,).

[0071] The devices described above may also require a few additions and modifications to the API set as described below in an illustrative embodiment:

[0072] PDA Support API additions

[0073] Error Codes:

[0074] RIL_E_RADIONOTPRESENT

[0075] Fails the RIL calls because there isn't a radio present in the system

[0076] RIL_E_RADIOREMOVED

[0077] Fails the RIL calls which were in the process of being executed because the radio was removed

[0078] PDA Notifications

[0079] RIL_NCLASS_RADIOSTATE

[0080] Radio State notifications (RIL_NCLASS_RADIOSTATE)

[0081] Notification Radio State Constants

[0082] RIL_NOTIFY_RADIOPRESENT

[0083] Notification corresponding to when the radio is inserted and the RIL Driver is ready to accept commands

[0084] RIL_NOTIFY_RADIONOTPRESENT

[0085] Notification corresponding to when the radio is removed and the RIL Driver is unloaded.

[0086] Additional Unrelated Notifications

[0087] RIL_NOTIFY_RADIOOFF

[0088] For SetEquipmentState TxandRX off command

[0089] RIL_NOTIFY_RADIOON

[0090] For SetEquipmentState TxandRX on command

[0091] Attached as Appendix A is a list of the RIL APIs of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. These APIs are provided as examples only and should not limit the present invention. 

We claim:
 1. An abstraction layer for interfacing a computer to a telephony radio, comprising: a set of APIs for abstracting out multiple radio technologies without knowledge of the underlying radio technology, wherein the set of APIs correspond to call control functions, wherein when one of the set of APIs is called, the abstraction layer determines at least one standard telephony radio command corresponding to the called API and sends the telephony radio command to the telephony radio.
 2. The abstraction layer of claim 1 wherein the telephony radio is one of a plurality of telephony radios which operates based on the standard telephony radio commands.
 3. The abstraction layer of claim 1 wherein the set of APIs further correspond to short messaging system functions.
 4. The abstraction layer of claim 3 wherein the set of APIs further correspond to network service functions.
 5. The abstraction layer of claim 4 wherein the set of APIs further correspond to data connection functions.
 6. The abstraction layer of claim 5 wherein the set of APIs further correspond to interface functions.
 7. A radio interface layer of a telephone for facilitating communications between an application program module and a radio, comprising: a proxy layer for communicating with the application program and a driver layer, wherein the application program calls an API to perform a particular function and wherein the proxy layer transforms the API to an IOCTL and sends the IOCTL to the driver layer; and wherein the driver layer communicates with the proxy layer and the radio, the driver layer receiving an IOCTL and transforming the IOCTL into a command understood by the radio to perform the particular function.
 8. The radio interface layer of claim 7 wherein the driver layer further receives communications from the radio indicating that the particular function has been performed and wherein the driver layer sends a success code to the proxy layer indicating that the particular function has been performed.
 9. A method for processing commands in a telephone comprising a proxy layer, a driver layer, an application and a radio, the method comprising the steps of: causing the application to call a RIL API in the proxy layer, wherein the RIL API is associated with an action to be performed by the radio; causing the proxy layer to translate the RIL API into input/output control (IOCTL) codes; sending the IOCTL codes to the driver layer; translating the IOCTL codes to a command corresponding to the action, wherein the command will be understood by the radio; and sending the command to the radio.
 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the command is an AT command.
 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the command is one of a private API set defined by the radio manufacturer.
 12. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of generating in the RIL driver layer a unique ID associated with the RIL API.
 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising the step of waiting for a response from the radio, and when received, calling back the calling application with the response and the unique ID returned from the call.
 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the RIL driver matches the response from the radio with the unique ID and the RIL driver sends the response to the calling process via a callback function.
 15. A method of communicating between a client process and a server process in a distributed processing system of a telephone, comprising the steps of: (a) issuing, by the client process, a call to the server process; (b) receiving, by the server process, the call and attempting to locate a radio of the telephone in response to the call; and (c) determining, by the server process, that the radio is not present and sending the error code RIL_E_RADIONOTPRESENT to the client process.
 16. A method of communicating between a client process and a server process in a distributed processing system, comprising the steps of: (a) issuing, by the client process, a call to the server process; (b) receiving, by the server process, the call, locating a radio of the system and executing the call; and (c) determining, by the server process, in executing the call, that the radio has been removed and sending the error code RIL_E_RADIOREMOVED to the client process.
 17. A method of communicating between a module and a radio comprising: (a) generating a RIL API call at one of a plurality of modules to perform a specific action; (b) sending the RIL API call to a radio driver; (c) at the radio driver, converting the RIL API call to a command understood by the radio; (d) transmitting the command to the radio; and (e) performing the specific action at the radio.
 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising: (f) in response to successfully performing the specific action, sending a success code to the one of the plurality of modules that generated the RIL API.
 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the RIL API, command and success code are associated with an identifier linking them together and linking them to the one of the plurality of modules that generated the RIL API call and wherein the radio driver receives the success code, and, using the identifier, matches the success code with the one of the plurality of modules that generated the RIL API call and sends the success code to the one of the plurality of modules that generated the RIL API call.
 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of: (g) generating a notification at the radio in response to detecting data that needs to be reported to one of the plurality of modules; (h) sending the notification to the radio driver.
 21. The method of claim 20 further comprising the step of: (i) sending the notification from the radio driver to one of the plurality of modules.
 22. The method of claim 20 further comprising the step of: (i) sending the notification from the radio driver to each of the plurality of modules.
 23. The method of claim 20 wherein the data that needs to be reported comprises an incoming phone call to the radio.
 24. The method of claim 20 wherein the data that needs to be reported comprises a signal strength change in the radio.
 25. The method of claim 20 wherein the one of a plurality of modules is a TSP.
 26. The method of claim 20 wherein the one of a plurality of modules is a SIM manager.
 27. The method of claim 20 wherein the one of a plurality of modules is an emergency application for generating emergency calls.
 28. The method of claim 20 wherein the one of a plurality of modules is a WAP layer.
 29. The method of claim 20 wherein the one of a plurality of modules is a TAPI interface.
 30. The method of claim 20 wherein the one of a plurality of modules is an ExTAPI interface.
 31. The method of claim 20 wherein the one of a plurality of modules is connected to an application program module and receives instructions from the application program module to generate the RIL API call.
 32. The method of claim 31 wherein the instructions provided by the application program module comprise instructions defined by the one of a plurality of modules and wherein the instructions are converted to the RIL API calls by the one of a plurality of modules. 